Sunday, May 17, 2020

Disparities Of The 2014 Reported Burglary And Theft...

This paper analyses the disparities of the 2014 reported burglary and theft statistics between the, Auckland City District (ACD) and WaitematÄ  District (WD). The statistics are reported by the National Police Headquarters as of April 2015 (New Zealand Police, 2015). Therefore, Police reporting practices will be discussed to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the reported data. Secondly, the Routine Activities and Social Disorganisation theories will be used to provide an explanation for the differences in recorded burglary and theft statistics. Lastly possible policy solutions to reduce the amount of crime reported to and recorded by Police will be discussed. As it appears, burglary and theft offences are higher amongst the Auckland City district than the WaitematÄ . These results are consistent with the Routine Activity and Social Disorganisation theories as there are more suitable targets, less collective efficacy and more incapable guardians within the ACD due to struc tural deficiency. The ACD cover the areas within Herne Bay, Freeman’s Bay, St Helier’s, Onehunga and Avondale, including Waiheke and Great Barrier Islands (NZ Police: Police Districts). The WaitematÄ  Police District includes, New Lynn, the North Shore, Devonport up to Mangawhai and also the motorway stretch from Bombay Hills to Orewa (NZ Police: Police Districts). According to NZ Police (2015), an offense is recorded if they believe that an offense has been committed. As of 2014, the recordedShow MoreRelatedMeasuring Crime And Crime Statistics1876 Words   |  8 Pagesexistence and correctly target resources. Crime statistics are therefore central to solving crime in England and Wales. In order for crime to be tackled effectively, it is vital that it is measured accurately. There are two sources of crime statistics published annually in the UK namely police recorded crime and the Crime Survey of England and Wales. According to the Crime Survey of England and Wales, in total there we re 7.1 million incidents of crime in 2013-2014. Although there has been an 11% reductionRead MoreCrime Rates Between Seattle, Washington And Denver, Colorado2104 Words   |  9 Pagesthat are in common and why that might be. Seattle, Washington has just posted there statistics for the year 2014. Seattle, Washington has had 26 homicides in the year 2014 the most reported homicides were in the month of June with 0 homicides in February and November. There was 128 rape crimes with the highest rape in the month of July 2014 with 16 reported rapes while September was the lowest with only 5 reported rapes. There was 1,572 cases of robbery in Seattle with September being the highestRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reports The National Incident Based Reporting System978 Words   |  4 Pagesabstract is to critically review the primary data sources used in the criminological research. The two key factors that measures crime are distinguished: official crime statistics, which are based on the compile data records of offenders and offenses processed by the police, courts, and corrections agencies; and unofficial crime statistics, which are produced by people and agencies outside the criminal justice system whom can add value to the data source (Regoli, Robert M., and Hewitt, John D., 2008,Read MoreCrime : A Social Problem1205 Words   |  5 PagesCrime: A Social Problem In 2013 it was reported that every person living in the United States will be a victim of a crime at some point in their lives (Macionis. 2015). A staggering statistic, crime is undoubtedly a significant problem in modern day society. 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According to the U.S Department of Justice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests were for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests were for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amountRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Fairness2060 Words   |  9 Pagesdefendants. The question being asked is this being done fairly to all minors who deal with the juvenile justice system? Why do some juveniles with identical crimes receive different punishments from the court? How do the courts justify these disparities i n enforcement? While there are many questions that need to be answered this paper will focus on two. What role does race play in the sentencing of juvenile offenders? Are certain defendants sentenced more harshly because of their race and whyRead MoreRace And Crime Of The Criminal Justice System6937 Words   |  28 Pagescrimes that a white person committed against a black or African American person was usually let off with either a very minor punishment or sentence or no sentence or conviction at all. Yes, white people sell drugs, buy drugs, commit crimes such as burglary, robbery, rape, and even murder as well as a lot of other things just as any other race is capable of and has done but the rampage killers that we often see in the news for things such as shooting up public places like schools and movie theatresRead MoreCriminal Justice System : Crime, Policing, Courts, And Corrections3651 Words   |  15 Pagesthe United States, including drug-related crimes, burglary, theft (not including burglary, housebreaking, and motor vehicle), kidnapping, robbery, and sexual violence (UNODC, 2012). South Korea had a large problem with the high rates of assault being committed, but the rate fell drastically from over 600 in 2011 to 127 in 2012 per 100,000 persons (UNODC, 2012). South Korea did not provide any statistics on the rates in which motor vehicle theft occurs. South Korea does not have many issues common

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Smoking as a Social Problem - 3128 Words

BY: ALEENAF FAROOQ 14L-4277 Smoking is Injurious to Health SocIOLOGY TERM PAPER SIR SHAFQAT HUSSAIN CHAUHDRY Table of Contents: Contents Table of Contents: 1 Executive Summary: 2 Review of literature: 4 Definition of Problem: 5 Formulation of Hypothesis: 6 Research Plan: 6 Data Collected: 7 ï‚ · Surveys: 7 ï‚ · Interviews: 7 Findings: 8 Data Analysis: 13 Role of society: 13 ï‚ · restlessness in our society: 13 ï‚ · Lack of self expression: 13 ï‚ · Pleasure seeking: 14 ï‚ · Lack of appreciation: 14 ï‚ · lack of relief: 14 ï‚ · IRRESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR OF MEDIA: 15 Recommendations: 15 Conclusion: 15 Replication of Study: 17 References: 18†¦show more content†¦Murad IV made Pope Urban VII look like a pushover--his punishment for breaking the ban was death. King James I of England was no fan of tobacco either, so he picked up his pen. In 1604, James wrote the treatise A Counterblaste to Tobacco, and he didnt pull any punches, writing, What honour or policie can move us to imitate the barbarous and beastly maners of the wilde, godlesse, and slavish Indians, especially in so vile and stinking a custom?(King James, 1604). As the years progressed, smoking became more and more acceptable. Nazis aggressively tried to suppress tobacco usage but their ban fell with them, as during World War II and the immediate postwar years, smoking was actively promoted in most aspects of society. One only has to review the movies of the 50s and 60s to see that in almost every scene the hero or the heroine is smoking a cigarette. Even, King Jamess attacks on smoking over 3 centuries ago (Eckholm, 1977) have been vindicated. As a result of this, the tobacco companies and society have been very effective in promoting smoking as being socially acceptable. This may seem all the more peculiar, given that most smokers believe smoking is hazardous; indeed, even in 1968 (Horn, Note 1), 53% of smokers reported that they would like to stop. That the antipathy does not necessarily depend on scientific data is evident from the response of Solomon Islanders and Saharan Africans: Though uninformed of the evidenceShow MoreRelatedSmoking Drinking As A Social Problem1682 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore both sides of the argument to suggest that Binge drinking is either a personal concern or that it is a social problem. UK researchers commonly define binge drinking as consuming more than eight units of alcohol in a single session for men, and more than six units for women (NHS, 2014). Over the years alcohol has caused many social and political debates in regards to whether it is a â€Å"social evil† or if the indivi dual who makes the conscious choice to drink it, is the real deviant. It’s clear toRead MoreThe Effect on Smoking Cigarette Banned in Public Essays1282 Words   |  6 Pages Cigarette smoking â€Å"There Is Nothing either Good or Bad, Hard or Easy, It’s How We Choose to Think That Makes It So.† ~ William Shakespeare~ Cigarettes are drugs that have a high risk of dangerous drugs that cause the disease to the body of smokers and people who live nearby. Currently, there are many more smokers are aware of the adverse effects of smoking. But the number of smokers is still increasing. Especially worrisome and continue to cause adverse effects in both polite society andRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Cigarettes On Society925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Cigarettes Society has been faced with many social struggles since the beginning of time. Smoking cigarettes is just one of those many social challenges. Individuals who smoke cigarettes increase the risk of developing health issues. Advertising has decreased over the years but the investment is with those that started when advertising was a big deal. Finally, the chemicals put into cigarettes are designed to increase a person’s cravings for cigarettes making it harder toRead MoreThe Externalities of Smoking1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the past decades, an increasing number of countries have imposed a ban on smoking in public places, including restaurants and bars. Unlike other regulations of cigarettes such as tax or promoting ban, this territorial smoking control sparked heated debates. While some argue that the implementation of this regulation is inefficient and reduce the public welfare (Viscusi, 1994; Tollison and Wagner, 1992; Lambert, 2006), others claim that smokers do impose negative externalities toRead MoreOutcome of Banning Smoking in Public Areas663 Words   |  3 Pagesof premature births and severe childhood asthma problems has dropped by after smoking was banned in public places. Researchers from the University of Maastricht and the University of Edinburgh studied 250,000 hospital visits and more than 2.5 million births for asthma attacks in children. It was discovered that â€Å"preterm births and hospital attendance for asthma has fallen by 10% â€Å" especially in areas where smoking is ba nned. Though banning smoking at in public places would possibly have a negativeRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Smoking1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe most common problems that are destroying the health of young generations and killing thousands and thousands adults every day is smoking cigarette. The issue of smoking has become one of the most significant and controversial debates in Australia, due its health problem and the effect of the environment atmosphere. Researches and medics worldwide were studying the main causes that makes people smoke and why? (Backes, 2016). According to Dr Jewell‘s article, reveals that there are lots of factorsRead MoreSmoking Is Smoking A Lifestyle Or Disease?1503 Words   |  7 Pages000 Americans died of smoking-related maladies. This figure represents a twenty-four-point reduction in smoking rates since the first tobacco study conducted and published by the Office of the U.S Surgeon General in 1964 (HHS, 2014). These numbers represent a massive i mprovement, but smoking is still a disturbing blemish for an increasingly health-conscious and aware society. Despite these surprising statistics, the question remains: Is smoking a lifestyle or disease? Is smoking similar in nature toRead MoreThe Addiction Of Cigarettes And Teen Smoking894 Words   |  4 Pagespresenting problem is my addiction to cigarettes. I was 13 years old the first time I smoked a cigarette. My addiction began due to peer pressure. Smoking was my way of building social relationships. However, soon I was smoking more or an equal amount of cigarettes than my friends. Since the age of 19, I have been smoking twenty cigarettes a day, which is a pack of cigarettes daily. My addiction to cigarettes is a problem because it is affecting my health. I become fatigued due to smoking. When I doRead MoreOutline the Factors Which Contribute to Low Health Expectancy in Developed Countries. Identify and Assess Possible Solutions to Reduce This Problem.1100 Words   |  5 Pagessolutions to reduce this problem. Health expectancy is â€Å"the number of years a person can expect to live in good health†. (New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, 2010). It reflects concern about the quality of life. Furthermore, low health expectancy means that people live in poor health which is affected by diseases and disability. Many factors contribute to low health expectancy, including smoking and obesity. Society should pay more attention to solve these problems to increase health expectancyRead MoreContribution of Psychology and Social Psychology to the Study of Health and Welfare Issues1358 Words   |  6 PagesContribution of Psychology and Social Psychology to the Study of Health and Welfare Issues In this assignment I will be comparing and contrasting two psychological approaches demonstrating their relevance to understanding a health issue. The issue that I will be applying the two psychological approaches to is Smoking. The psycho dynamic approach denotes the active forces within the personality that motivate behaviour, and the inner causes of behaviour

What Is Eczema free essay sample

More than half of all skin diseases are classified as eczema/dermatitis. These terms both describe inflammatory conditions of the skin associated with symptoms such as redness and swelling, blisters, weeping, itching and scratching. Some people are born with an inherited allergic tendency called atopy. Most eczema patients are atopic and they may also suffer from other allergic diseases such as asthma, hay fever, urticaria or rhinitis. Contact eczema/dermatitis is also common and is often caused by sensitivity to nickel in Jewellery or studs in clothing. Other trigger ubstances include irritant chemicals such as oils from exposure at the workplace: for example shampoo in hairdressers, cement (containing chromium) in builders. In atopic patients the rash usually starts on the face, particularly over the cheeks and chin. Other patients may have a rash in the folds of the elbows, knee Symptoms of Eczema? Symptoms typically include redness, cracking, weeping, soreness, itching, burning, blisters, crusting and scaling. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Eczema or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These can be acute or chronic and, over a long time, after much scratching, the skin can bleed or become thickened and rough. Contact eczema usually starts with a rash in the area where the skin is in contact with the trigger substance. Eventually this can spread almost anywhere. Atopic eczema tends to occur in the face and/or in the skin creases but may spread to affect the whole body. Another variety is seborrhoeic eczema which tends to occur on the face, centre of the chest and scalp. The skin may be greasy or scaly and, on the scalp, may contribute to dandruff. Diagnosis of Eczema. Diagnosis is usually made by the patients General Practitioner, based on the history, family history and inspection of he skin, noting the type of rash and its distribution. A history of working with chemicals may be important, and a worsening of symptoms after eating certain foods should be considered. This may include salicylates which are found in certain fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts and drinks. Alternatively there may be a food intolerance to a commonly eaten food or colourings and flavourings, particularly those based on azo dyes. Patch or skin prick testing is often used to identify allergic foods, chemicals or airborne particles and blood tests looking for antibodies can also help to identify arious triggers. It is important to differentiate between allergy and intolerance as these involve different mechanisms and treatments. Treatments for Eczema. Food sensitivity to, in particular, milk and wheat is a common cause of eczema and identification and suitable dietary avoidance can make a significant clinical impact. Salicylates and azo compounds have also been implicated and reducing the number of foods containing these can also help. Sensitivity to mould, spores, dust and dust mite can be helped by avoidance techniques as well as desensitisation techniques uch as neutralisation, Isopathy and enzyme potentiated desensitisation can all have a part to play in the management of eczema. Nutritional approaches using evening primrose oil in high doses as well as hydrochloric acid and vitamin B complex can also be useful. Herbal medicine using traditional remedies such as marigold tea can help itching and traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to be highly effective. Classical homeopathy which involves the identification of a suitable remedy for the individual patient has a significant benefit in many patients. Finally skin conditions such as psoriasis. The word eczema comes from Greek and literally means boiling over. Normal skin acts as a barrier to prevent water loss and stop skin irritants from penetrating. If you have eczema your skin doesnt do this as effectively as it should, leading to dryness, itching and cracked, scaly skin which lets in bacteria and allergens that can cause an allergic reaction. It is not a contagious condition. The different types of eczema There are many types of eczema, varying in intensity from mild to severe, but the most common are atopic eczema and contact dermatitis. Atopic eczema is the bodys ver-reaction to foreign substances, causing the skin to become red, inflamed and very itchy. It tends to occur in people who have a natural tendency to develop allergies such as asthma, hay fever and food allergies. This tendency can be inherited. The condition is very itchy and mainly affects the inside of the elbows and knees, and the wrists and ankles. It is most frequently seen in children, although adults can experience it. Contact dermatitis is caused when your skin comes into contact with something that it is allergic or sensitive to. Eczema symptoms are very variable. Eczema in adults If you continue to experience eczema as you get older, you will probably find that it affects the face, neck, upper chest, front of the shoulders, areas where the skin creases and the backs of the hands. Again the main symptom is severe itching and the condition can be exacerbated by stress. Climate How climate affects eczema isnt proven. However, there is evidence that the condition generally improves in mountains over 1500m high, in seashore locations and humid regions. Atopic eczema often becomes worse in autumn, as central heating is more widely used, leading to a reduction in room humidity.